Sibling rivalry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kin competition - Essay Example Such activities bring out sentiments of kindness and pity with respect to Cinderella and contempt with respect to her stepsisters. Such inverse emotions can just come out adequately through a relationship that shows kin contention between the youngsters. Kin contention normally appears as rivalry regarding expressions of love, character, and different issues that influence the every day lives of the kids. In numerous events, kin competition happens in manners that make one side of the contention to depict great characters while the opposite side of the character shows negative characters. The side that depicts the negative characters is typically amazing and bends over backward to threaten, disappoint, and rebuff the other part that shows great characters. Nonetheless, the side the depicts great character in the end wins favor and prevails throughout everyday life while different gatherings are rebuffed naturally and they start to live frantic lives. Cinderella’s story contain s a few parts of kin contention, which makes her stepsisters to lament their own activities as Cinderella prevails throughout everyday life. Cinderella must have stepsisters in the story so as to make her circumstance all the more damaging. The reality of someone enduring in the possession of her sisters brings out sentiments of misery since it implies that that the languishing will proceed over a serious long time. Persecution that shows up at home is typically more serious and upsetting than the sort of mistreatment that happens because of outsiders. Normally, sisters should give grace to individual sisters or stepsisters. Along these lines, Cinderella’s circumstance turns out to be troublesome since she has no place to turn in the wake of encountering extreme mistreatment at home. Utilizing stepsisters as the specialists of persecution makes a urgent inclination as in the stepsisters had the help of their mom while Cinderella didn't have a mother. As such, it gets imperati ve to consider the way that a portion of the issues that identify with the subject of kin contention should in the end identify with the matter of mistreatment. The job of the stepsisters in the story is to make the unfriendly environment that makes the life of the principle character terrible. All the enduring that Cinderella encounters are associated with the activities of the stepsisters. Their lives are altogether different as in the stepsisters carry on with an upbeat and cheerful life while Cinderella lives in agony, torment, and hopelessness. Along these lines, the stepsisters are utilized in this story to show the distinction in the lives of the principle characters and the inception of Cinderella’s troublesome conditions. The aftereffect of this relationship is the indication of a scope of challenges that show themselves through issues of soul and the troubles in the connection between the oppressors and the abused young lady. Stepsisters are generally utilized so as to draw out the sort of malevolence and competition between the contending characters. Under normal conditions, stepsisters might need to contend with each other in an assortment of ways. It is normal for stepfamilies to show such sort of competition and noxious expectations towards one another. Be that as it may, such malignance and strife can gain outrageous measurements when they are not deliberately observed and controlled. On account of Cinderella, the degree of malignance and scorn surpasses typical

‘A Critical Exploration of Organisational Structures and Essay

‘A Critical Exploration of Organizational Structures and Cultures’ - Essay Example The way of life of any school advances with the headway of time and it relies upon a few elements like the framework, sythesis of the school speakers and the board style. A decent school culture will absolutely help in positive conduct changes among the understudies which thusly would be instrumental in their profession building and society advancement. Thus, any association would wish to confer important school culture among the understudies. In United Kingdom, a few school associations have been endeavoring to teach great culture among their undergrads. For accomplishing this objective, al the positive elements impacting the school culture must be advanced and negative elements must be controlled. Association structure is most significant factor that impacts the school culture in United Kingdom. Let us examine how the association structure impacts the school culture: The association structure will have enormous impact on the school culture (Anderson, 2007). It will choose the style of the introduction of the understudies and different functionaries in the school. In United Kingdom, the school culture is altogether impacted by the organizations’ structures and school the board bodies. The innovative advances and data innovation additionally acquired huge changes the school culture in United Kingdom (Kouzes and Posner, 2003). One of the most significant impacts of association structure on school culture is contributed by the quick advances in the innovations accessible to custodians to get to, oversee and convey data to understudies and scientists. Better library administrations would help in having better access to differentiated data of the various pieces of the world which thusly would improve the more extensive information on the understudies or customers and henceforth their way of life would observer huge change. Simultaneously, the de velopment of new innovation may likewise

6 Books About Net Neutrality An Unfortunately Necessary Reading List

6 Books About Net Neutrality An Unfortunately Necessary Reading List If youve been paying attention, you know that on December 14, the FCC (under Ajit Pais leadership) dismantled net neutrality regulations that prohibited internet service providers (ISPs) from altering the way consumers connect to the internet. Net neutrality is the way your internet has always worked. In as simple terms as possible, net neutrality regulations prohibit companies (like Verizon or ATT) from blocking or slowing down your access to certain websites, or forcing companies to pay to stay competitive. Ill be linking to further net neutrality resources and an overview video at the end of this post, but as a book lover, I know that I can most fully understand the world through books. Books about net neutrality help me better grasp the very real issues, its nuances, and the freedoms at stake with this regulatory change. To that end, Ive compiled a list of six books about net neutralityâ€"a starting reading list. These books all come to the discussion from a different angle and with different view points, with some tackling our current governance of the internet, how the internet works to begin with, how big telecom companies formed, and predictions for the future of the internet in terms of social change. But, I also know that our current world moves faster than publishing, and net neutrality books can only go so far. Ive also included more information about each of the authors, along with links to their Twitter accounts where youll find more up-to-date information and developments about net neutrality changes and challenges. *Note: Book descriptions come from publishers Amazon descriptions. Captive Audience: The Telecom Industry and Monopoly Power in the New Gilded Age  by Susan Crawford Ten years ago, the United States stood at the forefront of the Internet revolution. With some of the fastest speeds and lowest prices in the world for high-speed Internet access,  the nation was poised to be the global leader in the new knowledge-based economy. Today that global competitive advantage has all but vanished  because of a series of government decisions and resulting monopolies that have allowed dozens of countries, including Japan and South Korea, to pass us  in both speed and price of broadband. This steady slide backward not only deprives consumers of vital services needed in a competitive employment and business marketâ€"it also threatens the economic future of the nation. Susan P. Crawford  is the John A. Reilly Clinical Professor of Law at  Harvard Law School. She served as President  Barack Obamas Special Assistant for Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (2009) and is a columnist for WIRED. She is a former Board Member of  ICANN, the founder of  OneWebDay, and a legal scholar. | Twitter Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0  by Lawrence Lessig Under the influence of commerce, cyberspace is becoming a highly regulable space, where behavior is much more tightly controlled than in real space. But thats not inevitable either. We can-we must-choose what kind of cyberspace we want and what freedoms we will guarantee. These choices are all about architecture: about what kind of code will govern cyberspace, and who will control it. In this realm, code is the most significant form of law, and it is up to lawyers, policymakers, and especially citizens to decide what values that code embodies. Lawrence Lessig is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law and Leadership at Harvard Law School.  He was also a professor at Stanford Law School, where he founded the school’s Center for Internet and Society, and at the University of Chicago. | Twitter Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle For Internet Freedom  by Rebecca MacKinnon A clarion call to action,  Consent of the Networked  shows that it is time to stop arguing over whether the Internet empowers people, and address the urgent question of how technology should be governed to support the rights and liberties of users around the world. Rebecca MacKinnon is a Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation, and cofounder of Global Voices, an international citizen media network. She also serves on the Boards of Directors of the Committee to Protect Journalists and the Global Network Initiative. | Twitter The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires by Tim Wu It is easy to forget that every development in the history of the American information industryâ€"from the telephone to radio to filmâ€"once existed in an open and chaotic marketplace inhabited by entrepreneurs and utopians, just as the Internet does today. Each of these, however, grew to be dominated by a monopolist or cartel. In this pathbreaking book, Tim Wu asks: will the Internet follow the same fate? Could the Webâ€"the entire flow of American informationâ€"come to be ruled by a corporate leviathan in possession of the master switch? Here, Tim Wu  shows how a battle royale for Internet’s future is brewing, and this is one war we dare not tune out. See also Tim Wus book co-written with Jack Goldsmith,  Who Controls the Internet: Illusions of a Borderless World.   Tim Wu is a professor at Columbia Law School and the director of the Poliak Center for the First Amendment at the Columbia Journalism School. | Twitter Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest  by Zeynep Tufekci Zeynep Tufekci explains in this accessible and compelling book the nuanced trajectories of modern protestsâ€"how they form, how they operate differently from past protests, and why they have difficulty persisting in their long-term quests for change.  Tufekci speaks from direct experience, combining on-the-ground interviews with insightful analysis. She describes how the internet helped the Zapatista uprisings in Mexico, the necessity of remote Twitter users to organize medical supplies during Arab Spring, the refusal to use bullhorns in the Occupy Movement that started in New York, and the empowering effect of tear gas in Istanbul’s Gezi Park. These details from life inside social movements complete a moving investigation of authority, technology, and cultureâ€"and offer essential insights into the future of governance. Tufekci is an associate  professor  at the School of Information and Library Science at the  University of North Carolina  and a faculty associate at the  Berkman Center for Internet and Society  at  Harvard University.  | Twitter Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet  by Andrew Blum Takes us on an engaging, utterly fascinating tour behind the scenes of our everyday lives and reveals the dark beating heart of the Internet itself. A remarkable journey through the brave new technological world we live in,  Tubes  is to the early twenty-first century what  Soul of a New Machineâ€"Tracy Kidder’s classic story of the creation of a new computerâ€"was to the late twentieth. Since 1999, Blums articles and essays have appeared in  Popular Science,  Metropolis,  Vanity Fair,  Wired,  The New York Times,  The New Yorker,  Bloomberg Business Week,  Gizmodo,  The Atlantic Online,  Architectural Record,  Slate, and many more. | Twitter Reading these books about net neutrality can only go so far. As were finding over and over again in 2017 (and as we journey into 2018), collective action is an important component of being an engaged and responsible citizen today. The following video gives a one-minute overview of net neutrality, and why its so important. Organizations like Free Press have committed themselves to challenging the most recent dismantling of regulations. Find ways to get involved (either by donating to their action fund or calling your government representatives) here. Net neutrality regulations protect everyoneâ€"from classrooms, to libraries, to small businesses. Read these books about net neutrality, gear up, and then find a way to take action to protect continued, unfettered access to the internet.

Creating The Epidemic Of Blue Green Algae Essay - 1682 Words

When I was a little girl, I spent my summers rafting down and swimming in the rivers of Northern California, minutes from my house. My family would spend hours at the river weekly, having fun and relaxing by the water, but we never truly thought about what was actually in the water. Over the course of a few years, the water started becoming greener, making it so that we could not see the bottom. This cause was from the algae growth in the water. Our county started having health issues from humans and dogs alike, and every case of these issues came from swimming in the rivers. That summer, Humboldt County put a health warning out to the community, asking to stay away from the water. Of course, people would not listen, creating the epidemic of blue-green algae. Algae are the most noncomplex members of the plant kingdom, and the blue-green algae are the most plain of the algae. Blue-green algae have a substantial and increasing economic importance, they have both helpful and life threat ening effects on living beings. Although they are named after algae, they are not true algae. Blue-green algae do not have a nucleus, or chloroplasts. Actually, blue-green algae are more related to bacteria, which have closer characteristics. The activity of nitrogen fixation and the occurrence of gas vesicles are extremely important to the triumph of blue-green algae. Blue-green algae are located in various locations on land and in water, generally in environments where vegetation does notShow MoreRelatedWhy We Need Light And Water1528 Words   |  7 Pagesforce to drink and bath in water that contains a green blue algae coming from Lake Erie that has harmful bacteria called mircocystin that can cause liver damage. The main reason most scientists think this is happening is because more rain, especially in 2011, caused torrential downpours. This caused the worst cyanobacterial bloom in the history of Lake Erie. The cause of this major epidemic was due to fertilizer runoff to feed t he harmful toxic algae to bloom and grow in huge numbers causing a majorRead MoreChapter 5 8 Essay6131 Words   |  25 Pagesdiverted to Everglades. Water quality now degraded because of nutrients (especially phosphorus) from agricultural run off) o Water Release †¢ Broader program originally begun in 1996 (cost $15 billion) - plan for removing 240 miles of levees/canals, creating system of reservoirs/underground wells to capture water for release during dry season o Funding †¢ Difficult parts †¢ Major step - 2008, US Sugar agreed to sell its land and facilities to Florida for $1.7 billion - planned sale scaled way back becauseRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesturn litmus (or indicator papers) red. Litmus is a vegetable dye that may be either red or blue, depending on the acidity. When a sample of an acid is placed on red litmus paper, the color of the litmus does not change. Red litmus has been previously treated with acid. Adding more acid does not change the red color. However, when the same acid is placed on blue litmus paper, the color turns from blue to red. (Blue litmus has been treated with a base). 3. Acids contain combined hydrogen.   When

Bangladesh Is On The Right Track - 1233 Words

Faris Azhan Roslizan Dr. Rachel Osgood Human Systems – Section H October 16, 2015 Bangladesh is on The Right Track Bangladesh, the eight most populated country in the world has been plagued by poverty for a long time. In the year 2000, the United Nations created the Millennium Development Goals, the purpose was to decrease extreme poverty by 2015. Thus, when Goal 1; eradicating extreme poverty and hunger was included in the project, Bangladesh was targeted as the country is overpopulated and has a high rate of unemployment. A considerable number of Bangladeshi chose to migrate to other Asian countries in hopes of better life. Bangladesh has made commendable progress in achieving the MDGs, especially in alleviating poverty. The first MDG of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is possible for Bangladesh to achieve due to efficient government programs, assistance from NGOs, and the positive impact of migration. Understanding the factors that causes Bangladesh to be a poor country is vital. The main cause is overpopulation. Bangladesh is considered a small country when compared to it s population of more than 150 million people. Therefore, the resources cannot be distributed equally. Bangladesh is also a country that is prone to natural disasters such as floods. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are exposed to extreme annual flooding which will lead to devastating damage to their crops, homes and livelihoods. The victims often resort to moneylenders, which doesnShow MoreRelatedThe Security Evaluation Methodology And Analysis1743 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing exploited by attackers all around the globe and we will see how the security evaluation methodology and analysis was done to detect the issues. 2. Introduction I will be discussing about a recent cybercrime that shook the world. It is the Bangladesh Bank heist through which attackers managed to steal a staggering amount of $81 million. The heist of $81 million from the Bangladesh’s Central Bank’s reserves has created question on the vulnerability of banking institutions to cyber-criminalsRead MoreThe Future Of The Bank Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance of a bank. The financial performance shows the strengths and weaknesses of bank performance over time. 2. Banking History of Bangladesh Bangladesh inborn it’s banking sector from British colony had 49 banks other FI before dividing of India in 1947. During 1806 Dhaka Bank was established it was the first commercial bank in the area of Bangladesh of British India. Bengal Bank was the first modern Bank which was established in India 1784. It opened two branches in Sirajganj ChittagongRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Banking Industry in Bangladesh1317 Words   |  6 PagesProblems and prospects of banking industry in Bangladesh The central bank has finally approved nine more banks in addition to existing 47 commercial banks in Bangladesh. 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However, it must be noted that Nike, Inc. had been present in Bangladesh since 1991; therefore, it took the co mpany twenty yearsRead MoreAlternative Options For Public Transport Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagescommand area available alternatives are: 1) Establishment of Metro Rail Service: Under the fast track project of Bangladesh Government, elevated Metro rail system is implementing in the capital to link between north and south of the city. Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd. (DMTCL) estimate  £2.20 billon ( £109 million per km) needed to construct the 20.10 km long Uttara 3rd Phase (North Dhaka) to Bangladesh Bank (South Dhaka) (Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development Project, 2016). The option for Metro RailRead MoreEssay- Accounting as a Profession2138 Words   |  9 PagesIntroductory Part Accounting is the study of how businesses track their income and assets over time. 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For example, Bangladesh labour laws and workersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ rights standards were violated when a twenty-year-old women working atRead MoreMarketing Project. on Symphony1800 Words   |  8 PagesBRANDING STRATEGIES OF [pic] MOBILE PHONE IN BANGLADESH [pic] [pic] Introduction Marketing strategy of a company in a new country plays a vital role in determining its future in that country. SYMPHONY, a Chinese origin mobile phone which entered Bangladesh market in the year 2008 focused to capture the market with its low pricing; exclusive features and designs challenging the renowned existing brands that took hold of a large market shareRead MoreHealth Of Bangladesh Is A Basic Right Of The Citizen Essay5197 Words   |  21 Pagesenjoy the real happiness although he is drowned in the sea of happiness. So healthcare is a basic right of the citizen of Bangladesh. The constitution of Bangladesh has given priority on the healthcare of people. 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Increasing Caregiver Support Service Access And Use Among...

Increasing caregiver support service access and use among Chinese-Americans I. Introduction The policy that will be analyzed is the federal Older American Act Title III-E, which was approved by the Congress in 2000. It regulates National Family Caregiver Support Programs (NFCSP), a categorical non-income-tested program, aiming to provide direct services to informal family caregivers. Under the federal administration from AoA, the NFCSP is carried out through a network of 56 State Units on Aging (SUAs), 655 Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) and local public or private institutions. Specifically, AAAs provide five-category services to caregivers by using the allocated NFCSP funding—information regarding services, assistance for accessing services, counseling/support groups/training, short-term respite and supplement services on a limited basis. My field placement is the New York City Department for the Aging (DFTA), a local government agency and the largest Area Agency on Aging (AAA) in U.S. Its mission is to work for the quality of life of New York City’s diverse older adults and for the support of their families through advocacy, education and delivery of services. Under the network of DFTA, Bureau of HealthCare Connections (HCC) is responsible for funding, monitoring and administrating NFCSP programs in New York City. Definitely, NFCSP resulted in positive outcomes. It represented a strong legislative commitment to caregivers and promoted comprehensive support servicesShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And Its Effects On Society2001 Words   |  9 Pages Abstract This article reviews evidence of the media impact on interpersonal violence internationally. Media violence always is a controversial topic. 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Rating Investments Essay Sample free essay sample

I will be analyzing your three investing picks utilizing three standards. the net present value and internal rate of return and payback period. In analyzing the undermentioned investings I have non taken into history the effects of revenue enhancement Ranking of investings Investing 3 has the best evaluation utilizing the three analysis tools. the initial investing is paid back after 5. 05 old ages. followed by investing 2 Restrictions of analysis utilizing NPV. IRR and PP The consequences given from Net present value are affected by the price reduction rate and we have to presume that the rate will be the same over the life of the investing. nevertheless in world the costs of money and therefore price reduction rate can alter monthly and it is unrealistic to presume that the price reduction rate will stay the same over the investing life The internal rate of return does non factor in rising prices or when applicable the costs of borrowing money in the rate it gives therefore it is a higher rate than it should be as it ignores other costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Rating Investments Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Payback period does non set any value on returns after the initial investing is recouped. it besides does non see any extra outgoings. Which investing should be chosen?When choosing which investing hazard has to be considered every bit good as what the other options are. Investment 1 and 2 carry virtually the same degree of hazard so comparing them is comparatively simple merely expression at the Numberss. when looking at the rankings investing 2 clearly outperforms investing 1. When comparing investing 3 to the other investings it is non so straightforward as returns can non be certain and there are a batch of variables that will impact the return. Investing 2 and 3 both give the needed rate of return it is up to you the investor to take from an equal return with low hazard or a higher return with high hazard. Hazards involved in each investing Investing 1. Inflation is the major hazard of this investing. This investing pays out yearly and does non advert intensifying the involvement earned. therefore the initial investing is being eaten up by rising prices as returns are non gaining money. Investing 2. this investing does non let for the investor to hard currency in on capital additions of the belongingss should they be realised as the Navy will be buying the belongingss at the terminal of 10 old ages for $ 990. 000 a return of merely over 2 % in capital growing per annum. nevertheless this will halt you being exposed to any losingss should belongings market growing of this investing falls below 2 % PA growing in the 10 twelvemonth period Investing 3. this investing is susceptible to agricultural hazards. Should at that place be bumper vino grape harvests over Australia the market will be oversupplied and the monetary value of vino will crash. There is besides the hazard of drouth. disease. varmint etc. At the terminal of the 10 twelvemonth period the initial investing will be about worthless at $ 20. 000 so it is indispensable that expected net incomes are achieved to reimburse the investing. Decision Whilst there is a hazard premium paid to more volatile and riskier investings. there are discrepancies in the returns given to the two investings that appear to hold equal hazard. People’s tolerance for fiscal hazard varies so it is of import non merely to give the highest returns to an investor but the highest return for the degree of hazard they are willing to accept. Appendix Investing 1 Net nowadays value This undertaking has a negative NPV of $ 5. 650 with a 12 % price reduction rate Internal Rate of Return = 11. 88 % Payback period – Time until hard currency flows recover the initial investing in the undertaking Payback period= Initial investing divided by rente peers payback period $ 800. 000 / $ 95. 000 = 8. 42 old ages Investing 2 Net nowadays value This undertaking has a positive NPV of $ 99. 148 with a 12 % price reduction rate Internal rate of return = 14. 33 % Payback period$ 800. 000 / $ 105. 000 = 7. 62 old ages Investing 3 Net nowadays value The undertaking has a NPV of $ 284. 847 with a 12 % price reduction rate Internal rate of return= 22. 26 % Payback period- 5. 05 old agesThe payback period for the initial investing for investing 3 is in the 5th twelvemonth. if income is received every bit monthly it would be in the first month of twelvemonth 5 Annual income twelvemonth five – $ 190. 000 / 12 = $ 15. 833Entire income terminal of twelvemonth 4 is $ 290. 000Entire income first month of twelvemonth 5 is $ 290. 000 + $ 15. 833 = $ 305. 833 Or $ 10. 000 income required out of $ 190. 000 income per twelvemonth = 10000/190000= 0. 0526 or 0. 0526 % of a twelvemonth so 5. 05 old ages Payback period – Time until hard currency flows recover the initial investing in the undertaking [ 1 ] . I have assumed that all outgoings and insurances will be covered by the renter and therefore the return is the net return. any loss of occupancy or harm will be covered and therefore the return will ever be received [ 2 ] . This is presuming that the sale understanding with the naval forces does non let the investor to sell the belongings to a different purchaser at the 10 twelvemonth period.

Organizational Buyers

A large share of the market for goods as well as services is accredited to organisational buyers as opposed to individual consumers. Organisational buyers include wholesalers, retailers, producers and institutions. They play key role in stimulating demand in the production chain (Palmer, 1999). However, organistional buyers who are charged with the responsibility of making buying decisions for their organisations, tend to be a bit sophisticated as compared to ordinary consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Buyers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They risk taking on a new, probably better supplier in terms of quality and prices, whose product or services has not been proven and could turn out to be risky (Palmer, 1999). The fear of running at a loss is what makes them more complicated as the risk could be greater compared to the possible benefits. They have to make decisions on what and whether to buy, as well as, the specifications to buy. They also have to decide the quantity to buy and from which vendor or producer. Therefore, knowledge of the dynamics of organisational buyers is essential in identifying potential profitable market segments, as well as, locating buying influences which are very important in developing marketing strategies. These are important for reaching organisational buyers effectively through offering response to their needs. Organisational buying process begins with problem identification. At this stage, managers recognize the need to buy a (new) product or to adopt a new technology to support the operations of the firm. General description of the need then follows. Department managers work closely with the purchasing manager to establish the characteristics of the product or service needed in the organisation. An experienced manager/staff or the technical team helps the department manager undertake product specification by developing a detailed de scription of the required product or service. The purchasing manager, department manager or both then identify several alternative suppliers who can provide the defined standards. In some cases, this would involve advertisement for tender or internet search for the available alternatives. In effect, alternative suppliers or proposals are reviewed and evaluated by the purchasing manager and other members of the decision-making unit. The team identifies the most appropriate supplier in terms of quality and cost-effectiveness, as well as, other benefits. They therefore negotiate with the 2-3 finalists and a supplier is chosen. Thereafter, a delivery date is set up. The final stage involves reviewing the performance of the product as well as the support offered by the supplier. These stages form the basis for marketing a firm’s product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thi s means that in order to achieve successful marketing of a firm’s product, the business marketer has to participate actively in the early stages of the potential buying company’s procurement process. The firm’s marketer/marketing department has to collect information on the problems that the buying organisation faces, identify specific requirements of the company, and present proposals to meet these requirements. It is also important to understand organisational buyers’ motivation for buying merchandise or products. This means that marketers have to use end-chain means to achieve their marketing goals. It is essential to take into consideration a logical progression of outcome of the product adoption or use that could lead to the organisational buyers desired end benefit. In advertising, a marketer or firm has to explain the presumed desired end-states. This could influence the perception of institutional buyers, producers, wholesalers, as well as, retail ers. Palmer (1999) says that organisational buyers also think like individual consumers especially when making decision to purchase consumer goods. The business marketer or supplier has to understand the organisation’s strategies and its position of purchasing so as to succeed in developing business relationship with the firm. Due to the nature of business-to-business markets, buying decisions is the role of an organisation’s decision-making unit. This unit is generally composed of several participants. According to Palmer (1999) buying processes have to be formalised to cover issues like quality specifications, payment terms, as well as, delivery schedules. It is therefore important to understand the various participants involved in the buying decision-making and how this could affect their purchasing decisions. One major group is the managers or the authorisers. This group includes senior managers who are also the policy makers in the organisation. They make decision s on the type of product needed in the organisation. They also sign off the final decision. This means that marketers or the firm has to make timely marketing of its product to this group or its influencers before they make their final decision. This is because once this is done, then it becomes almost impossible to sell competitor products to the firm. Influencers are those who have direct or indirect role in the buying decision-making process. They include advisers and consultants. This implies that marketers or the supplier/vendor has to provide records of previous satisfied users of their product(s) or services, reference sites, as well as, case studies of where their product(s) or services have been previously used or adopted. This can possibly influence both the influencers and the other members of the decision making unit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Buyers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Organisations with proven track record usually have an advantage since their previous success evidence help reduce perceived risks. Another group that determines the direction of the buying decision-making is the specifiers. This group is responsible for making specifications on the type of product needed to achieve the desired goal. In other words, they are the technical experts in the company/department who are capable of translating the needs of the final user of the product into detailed specifications. Since business-to-business marketing involves face-to-face communication, marketers or firms have to ensure that their personnel have technical understanding of their products. Marketing presentations have to be taken seriously since they can influence the decision of the technical specialists, managers and influencers. Marketers and firms can only be successful if their products meet the quality standards as defined by the technical team in the decision-making unit (Glazer, 1999). Marketers also have to adopt strategies that enable them influence organisational purchasers and product users. Users may influence the decision-making process since they usually have first hand involvement as well as experience with the product. Advertisements targeted at creating awareness to users should also make them understand how appropriate the product is to their needs or consumption. Advertisements should provide all the details and benefits of the product so as to influence the target audience, who are the users, to recommend the choice to organisational purchasers (McDonalds Corporation, 2008), who are also the organisational buyers. According to Hutt and Speh (2009) buying decision makers may have well-defined specifications and criteria of what they require, but they may not be aware of suppliers or vendors who can best suit their needs. This can result from limited information on the available alternatives as well as search engine capabilities. This implies tha t it is also important to advertise the supplier firm’s website and enhance the searching capabilities of potential customers. It is worthy for marketers or firms to note that purchasers are not entirely responsible for buying the product. Although they may also influence buying decisions, they are majorly responsible for ordering products from suppliers as well as implementing the organisation’s buying policy (Webster Wind, 1972).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Understanding organisational buying processes enables the business marketer to know that organisations’ purchasers will always handle straight rebuy from routinely selected list of approved vendors. This means that the marketer has to design strategies that reinforce buyer-seller relationship so as to meet the expectations of the buying organisation and be among the approved vendors. In addition, the marketer/supplier will only achieve straight rebuy by the buying organisation if it is responsive to the firms changing needs. As an â€Å"out† supplier, the marketer has to understand the basic buying needs of the company (Hutt Speh, 2009). This means that the selling organisation, especially its marketing department has to investing in market research. It has to convince the buying organisation’s purchasers/purchasing manager or the entire organisational buyers that their requirements need to be interpreted differently or that they need to change their purchasing requirements. Thus, understanding organisational buying processes enables the marketer adopt strategies which help persuade the buying decision-making unit to re-examine alternative solutions/products, and as a result, revise their preferred list to include them as their new supplier. Understanding organisational buying process helps maintain business relationship between the organisational buyer and the marketer/supplier. It allows the business marketer/marketing department to carefully monitor the changing trends and needs of organisations (Webster Wind, 1972). This makes the business marketer to be prepared to offer products or services required by new-task buyers. Monitoring the performance of the previously sold products to different organisations enables the business marketers to provide necessary support services which make it possible for them to achieve business relationship with the buying organisations. As a result, organisational buyers will make them their choice in t heir purchasing decision during routine problem solving. The business marketer also develops other strategies of maintaining the relationship. Such strategies may include providing continuous update of what is available in the market and latest developments and trends in the market. By monitoring and adopting strategies that ensure repeat buys and encourage straight buy from the supplier, the business marketer has to ensure that no new technical advancements escape his or her knowledge (Webster Wind, 1972). The supplier or marketer has to provide the latest technologies available in the market to always keep the buying organisations satisfied. This helps make the marketer relevant to the company even when it is considering modifying its rebuy activities since it provides valuable additional information which they require while making alternative solutions. The business marketer is able to adopt continuous market research to ensure that no new marketer offers better benefits than it self. Buying organisation may decide to modify its rebuy situation if another marketer offers better cost, quality, as well as, service improvements than the present supplier (Webster Wind, 1972). Consequently, it is important to research on both the changing trends in the market, and that of the buying organisations. Continuous monitoring and information gathering also helps the supplier or business marketer understand the expected changes in business processes/operations of organisations. Such information is crucial in offering product(s) or services which meet the organisational buying plans. According to Hutt and Speh (2009) political, legal, economic and technological changes could influence organisational buying behavior. Therefore marketers have to be sensitive to selective economic shifts and how such factors affect buying behavior. Understanding the organisational buying behavior motivates the marketer to monitor signs of technological shifts in the organisations and in th e market. This makes the marketer better prepared to adjust his/her marketing strategy which address the technological shift. Understanding organisational buying processes, decision makers in the buying process as well as factors which influence organisational buying behavior is very important. It makes the marketer/supplier better prepared to meet the requirements of organisational buyers. It also helps develop buyer-seller relationship which is essential in achieving continuous supplying contract and market expansion. Reference List Glazer, R. (1999). Winning in smart markets. MIT Sloan Management Review, 40: 56-69. Hutt, M. D, Speh, T. W. (2009). Business marketing management: B2B. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. McDonalds Corporation. (2008). Marketing at McDonalds. Retrieved from https://www.mcdonalds.com/gb/en-gb.html Palmer, R. (1999). Understanding customers: The organisation. Management Quarterly, Part 4: 13-16. Webster, F. E, Wind, Y. (1972). Organisational buying behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. This essay on Organizational Buyers was written and submitted by user Aurora Scott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

NO IRISH NEED APPLY †History Essay

NO IRISH NEED APPLY – History Essay Free Online Research Papers One of the worst things to happen in the eighteenth century caused by the failure of the potato crop was the Great Potato Famine in Ireland. Potatoes were the food of the poor in Ireland and the entire country depended on them. The cause for the failure was the fungus called the potato blight. Between 1845 and 1850 around an eighth of the population died from the Famine. The Irish were affected so greatly because of rapid population growth. Because there were so many people there were more people who suffered from it. Have you ever wondered why there is so many people of Irish descent on the east coast and how they got hear? Well, most came around the same time period and for the same reason, jobs. Millions of Irish people came here because they heard of how great it is and they had nowhere else to go. Most Irish where catholic and Catholics and were not accepted anywhere else. In Ireland thousands were dieing a day from what we know today as the Great Potato Famine. When they came to America they were treated cruelty because so many of them had come with no money. They were considered bums that didn’t deserve jobs. Thousands of Irish immigrants were treated unfairly and with extreme cruelty. Imagine this Life Imagine you’ve been living off of basically one food for your entire life, every day you farm this food, you eat this food and you sell this food, not much else can grow on the land you live on which isn’t even yours, the owners let u live there if u grow enough food, it’s the same for everyone in your country; than one day your plants start rotting and eventually stop growing at all. You find out your neighbor cant grow any either and that a virus is killing all your plants and everyone else’s plants stop growing too. Pretty soon your landowner kicks you off his land, you have no food and no shelter, and your friends and family start dieing daily. What would you do? The only thing there is to do, get on a boat and sail to America. 1, 2 This was the life of thousands of Irish men and women, when they could no longer grow potatoes they could no longer survive in Ireland. Taking the risk of sailing to America was almost a bigger risk than staying in Ireland. Thousands died on the trip over. They started calling the over packed ship filled with sick men and women â€Å"coffin ships.† They had a choice between staying in Ireland and living longer than most did that went on the ships but surely dieing sooner than the ones that made it to America, or taking the risk of dieing on the ship but living what they thought would be a great life and becoming rich. Most took the second choice. 2 From 1846 to 1855 an estimated 2.1 million men women and children fled Ireland. Out of that 2.1 million people who fled 1.8 million went to North America and 1.5 million of them came to the United States of America. Thousands of the people who ended up in Canada soon made their way to the United States.2 In America The Irish immigrants in the United States were described as â€Å"urban pioneers.† The cities in America with the biggest Irish populations were Boston, Philadelphia, New York, San Francisco and Chicago. By 1860, nearly one fourth of the population in Boston and New York were Irish born. The poorest of the Irish lived on the rim of the cities in small dumpy towns. During the 1850’s at least thirty thousand Irish families were living in basements in cellars in New York City with no light and with their homes slightly flooding. 2 Living in these conditions many of the Irish were catching diseases like pneumonia, yellow fever, and tuberculosis. Irish made up sixty percent of the people living in homeless housing. Because of the suffering these people went through many came down with mental illnesses. In New York fifty percent of the people in insane asylums from 1849 to 1859 were Irish refugees or kids of the Irish refugees. The amount of Irish arrested or in jail was extremely higher than any other group of people. 1 By the 1870’s The Irish were the most publicly underprivileged of the Americans of European descent. The Irish had made bad names for themselves early in their immigration here. Because there were so many of the Irish people they were not liked by the American citizens because they were taking many jobs and homes in the areas.1 Discrimination Discrimination against the Irish Catholics reached its worst when the Know Nothing Movement was made in the 1850’s. This movement tried to keep Catholics from running for office. The Irish Protestants opposed this because with most of the citizens in their town being both Catholic and Irish, they wanted a good chance of having an Irishman in office.1 In some areas riots broke out between rival laborers from different parts of Ireland and American laborers over building jobs. It was not out of the ordinary for the Irish men, women and children to be discriminated against in social events. But it was out of the ordinary for a Catholic to marry a Protestant and was looked down upon in the community. Neither priests nor ministers believed that they should intermarry. Religious schools were created to keep Catholics and Protestants from mixing. These schools kept almost fifty percent of the Irish children and young adults out of public schools. Around 1860 signs were being put up saying â€Å"HELP WANTED- NO IRISH NEED APPLY.† Soon to be called â€Å"the NINA signs.† A song had been written called â€Å"No Irish Need Apply† by John F. Poole and had a huge impact on the Irish and sparked a slight rebellion. They held tight to the jobs they had and refused to let any other immigrant groups or African Americans to work those jobs. 1 The Irish Catholics were stereotyped many times. George Potter (an Irish historian) said the Irish were stereotyped as violent (even among themselves), alcoholics, voted illegally, and relied on violent or criminal gangs. George Potter quoted newspapers from the time: You will scarcely ever find an Irishman dabbling in counterfeit money, or breaking into houses, or swindling; but if there is any fighting to be done, he is very apt to have a hand in it. Even though Pat might meet with a friend and for love knock him down,' noted a Montreal paper, the fighting usually resulted from a sudden excitement, allowing there was but little malice prepense in his whole composition. The Catholic Telegraph of Cincinnati in 1853, saying that the name of Irish has become identified in the minds of many, with almost every species of outlawry, distinguished the Irish vices as not of a deep malignant nature, arising rather from the transient burst of undisciplined passion, like drunk, disorderly, fighting, etc., not like robbery, cheating, swindling, counterfeiting, slandering, calumniating, blasphemy, using obscene language, c.1 They were discriminated against in local newspapers and in various other types of media. The picture to the right was drawn by German cartoonist Thomas Nast and published in an 1876 Harpers Weekly Magazine. The picture is showing bishops in the form of an alligator attacking public schools.1, 5 Religion Another reason the Irish were hated was because of their religions. The Irish were Catholic and even though America was supposed to be free and not segregated or prejudice, there was on exception, Catholics. From the 1820’s through the 1860’s two thirds of the Irish refugees were Catholic, the rest were mostly Protestant. The Protestants obviously not hated against as bad as the Catholics. Irish Catholic is a expression used to say a person is Irish and practices the Roman catholic Religion.3 Southern Irish Families The Irish made up a very small percentage of the southern population, so most of them stuck together in cities like New Orleans. They were not as discriminated against their, they became political leaders in the Democratic Party and supported slavery. Beginning as manual laborers they worked their way up the economic ladder and were granted over the usual financial rank. 1 The religion of the Irish concerned the local southerners very little. The native southerners knew how important they Irish were to the protection of slavery. The Protestant Irish had a big part in the making of the development of this country, the United States of America seal of approval was designed by Charles Thomson, an Irishman. 1 Irish in the Government Irish Catholics became a big part of law enforcement very quickly. In 1855 in New York City, three hundred and five out of one thousand one hundred and forty nine policemen were Irish natives. In 1860 in Chicago forty-nine out of one hundred and seven police were Irish natives. The Irish have been known for being very organized and many of the catholic leaders in the United States of America have been Irish. 1 They have also been known to lead labor unions and the Democratic Party in some regions. Irish men usually voted eighty to ninety-five percent Democratic. In 1928 an Irishman by the name of Al Smith was the first Irish Catholic to run in the presidential elections but lost to Herbert Hoover.1 Closing The Irish suffered more than any other group of immigrants from Europe. They suffered harsh times and had to work hard to gain respect. Even though some Irish were out of hand and violent, many helped shape the country into what it is today. Millions died, thousands went insane, and thousands made it and brought themselves up from nothing. They had to fight to keep their jobs and that is what they did, and even though they wee harassed and hated, they still made it in the end. Bibliography 1) Wikipedia â€Å"Irish American†. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish-American#Catholics 2) Lalor, Brian: The Encyclopedia of Ireland. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. 3) Wikipedia â€Å"Irish Catholics† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Catholic 4) Gorman, Michael: Ireland by the Irish. Galley Press, 1963. 5) Wikipedia â€Å"Thomas Nast†. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nast Research Papers on NO IRISH NEED APPLY - History EssayThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringLifes What IfsWhere Wild and West MeetTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Growing Gap between Poverty and Wealth in China Essay

Growing Gap between Poverty and Wealth in China - Essay Example As the report declares rumors of the magnificent prosperity of the south and eastern provinces have reached the more isolated-and less prosperous-interior provinces. Those current farmers who would travel in order to be more prosperous themselves are often blocked at the borders of industrial growth and discouraged to proceed. This paper stresses that today, 80 to 120 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. Everyone in China seemingly wants a share, but the industrial provinces can physically support no more drain on their existing housing and infrastructures, and they are finding themselves unable to enhance their current positions despite their economic prosperity. The gap between rich and poor in China is rapidly growing and could even threaten the country’s stability. In just 20 years, China has gone from having virtually no income gap to having one of the world's biggest. Growing wealth in cities like Shanghai has not been shared by rural areas. The country was now in a "yellow-light" zone, the second most serious indicator of "social instability", according to an official report focusing on the growing gap between rich and poor. If there are no effective solutions in the next few years, it is going to hit red-light scenario after 2010. Earlier in September, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) produced an imposing report on China's economy.

Managing change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Managing change - Essay Example Among these businesses, there are oil fields in different countries globally, wind power production plants, and natural gas processing plants. The corporation’s business fell under the threat of diminishing levels of performance following the Gulf of Mexico oil spill three years ago (Freudenburg & Gramling, 2011). The following discussion establishes the prevailing changes in concern to the factors of production, and the relationship with the company and the global society. Analytical discussion to the causes of oil spill change Following the 2010 oil spill, British Petroleum Company established that the situation affected the broad global society from the locals that depended on the seafood as a source of livelihood to the end consumer of BP’s petroleum products. The company lacked credibility from the society as the spill caused havoc to the environment and led to destruction of natural resources (Druskat and Wolff, 2001:45). For example, the spill led to deaths of ov er ten employees, and harbored fishing as it considerably led to the death of fish and other sea organisms that remained integral to the society’s benefits. The spill affected the ecosystem and postulated remorse from the diverse human society. Therefore, BP’s management established that the ideal resolution to the increased aggression of the society because of the company’s accident would be the implementation of policies that would reshape the organization’s image towards the general environment. Precisely, the corporation established the changes as achievable through rendering and delivering support from people within the system (Gido & Clements, 2012). British Petroleum Company established that the business programs were undergoing diminishing levels of performance thus denoting the need for strategic resolution to ensure growth to the desired extend. The valuable approaches that the management resolves to use and establish the corporation’s pe rceived current state of business (Fisher, Hunter and Macrosson, 1998:35). With the increased remorse and decreased customer loyalty, the corporation analytically established change as a precise role of targeting ascertainment of the objectives. Initially, the corporation had competitively preserved a profitable market share ahead of other competitors including Royal Dutch Company, Shell, and Exxon Company. However, through enlightening of the global society into adapting environmentally friendly matters, the company fell under a situation of diminishing performances as the loyalty for its business undertakings dwindled accordingly following the oil spill. Arguably, the company resolved to develop a precise plan that would steer acquisition of the set recovery measures. Further, changes were set to recuperate the damages following the loss of the $560 million oil rig that drained the company’s capital base after environmental concerns raised and the company resulted to inject billions of dollars to the cleaning exercise. The changes deferred the company’s profitability forecasts following the capital deviation to budget for the cleaning exercise of the ocean rather than production of the oil to reach the end consumer profitably. British Petroleum Company became a victim to the environmental measures and the abiding fines after they deceived the authorities that the situation was under control, but failed to accomplish the promise (World Bank, 2012). United States of America

Impacts of Terrorism, Political Conflict and War on Children

Impacts of Terrorism, Political Conflict and War on Children Asrar Ali Abstract In the light of literatures, this paper will discuss the acute psychological responses of children during terrorism, the psychological impacts throughout the childhood period. The long term psychological effects of armed conflicts on the child’s life and personality and finally, exploring the important, resilient characteristics of children from the literature, to integrate them for the psychological well-being of victim children of Pakistan. Introduction to Pakistan’s Socio-Political Situation and The Rationales for Choosing the Topic Pakistan, the country with a very significant geographical location, is also a front line in the war against terrorism. The country allied with the USA in the war against the Soviet Union and then against the Taliban. The war resulted in drastic socio-cultural damage, economic loss, and destruction of schools and educational organizations. The people faced multiple forced internal displacements and also loss of thousands of innocent Pakistani citizens, including children (Khan, 2011). The country faces political issues and conflicts every day and the situations are still in a treacherous and unrest political condition. As a result, the country has faced multiple military takeovers in the past. These are open and obvious losses, but there is an additional cost that the country’s children are paying every day, a psychological cost. Children’s exposure to the severe traumatic situations cause toxic psychological shock. Loss of family members in the war field has left the c hildren in an insecure and hopeless position. The disabilities caused by the wars have lifelong social and psychological impacts. The rationales behind choosing this topic as a scholarly paper of psychology are: Firstly, political conflicts and terrorism are the priority and current issues of Pakistan, making the paper very relevant in the Pakistani context. Secondly, no doubt every individual citizen is suffering, but children are the most vulnerable group for the drastic psychological distresses caused by these situations. Thirdly, the literature states that during childhood, the brain develops rapidly and events in this period have immense effects on the psychological development. Lastly, exploring the resilient characteristics, which can protect the child from harmful psychological consequences of brutal terrorism and rough political conflicts. Acute Psychological Response of Children in Terrorism, armed Conflicts and War Children exposed to terrorist activities including bombing, slaughtering of human beings in front of their innocent eyes, killing of their family members, friends, or relatives, and the non-human brutal acts of terrorists can be toxic to child psychology. About 88% of children’s psychological reaction to traumatic events such as terrorism are signs of Acute Stress Reaction (ASR), including severe anxiety, low mood, irritability, emotional ups and downs, emotional numbness, and poor sleep and concentration problems (Moscardino, Axia, Scrimin Capello, 2007). As an Afghan citizen, I had harsh childhood experiences. During the Taliban regime, I have been exposed to severe terrorist activities. I have seen people being killed, bombed, executed in the streets, and my own house and neighbors have been hit by missiles, in the incident, I have almost lost my grandfather. I can deeply understand the psychological pain of children exposed to such a brutal non-human situation. In additio n to Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) signs and symptoms, I do remember, I had severe separation anxiety, I had fears of losing my significant figures and an intense feeling of uncertainty about death and life deep inside my heart. Children manifest anxiety in a variety of ways (Saraiya, Garakani Billick, 2013). Children may have difficulty in separating from parents, unrelated anxiety and they can develop somatic complaints (frequent headaches and stomach aches) due to anxiety. The literature further narrates that children develop a sense of hopelessness, loss of self-control and may develop difficulty in trusting adults. An 8-year old girl, M, said â€Å"My father died in the blast. I don’t want to live here any longer† (Aijaz Ambreen, 2014) Children develop complaints of unexplained low appetite, sleep disorders and nightmares. An 11-year old boy, who was at home when the blast (Abbas Town, Karachi) occurred, was crying when he told us, â€Å"I have been feeling reall y anxious since the blast. I cannot sleep† (Aijaz Ambreen, 2014). Psychological Impacts of Terrorism, Political Conflicts and War throughout the Childhood Period The psychological impacts of terrorism are not only limited to acute exposure to traumatic events but have effects throughout childhood. Regression manifests in children who witnessed or exposed to terrorism. Thumb sucking, bed wetting problems, lack of interest in play, increased fear of the dark and, greater difficulties in separating from parents have been noticed in children (Saraiya, Garakani Billick, 2013). Developmental delays, a state when a child cannot achieve appropriate milestones of age, have been recorded in children (Ullah, 2010). Academic and educational performances of children exposed to terrorism are highly suffered (Waheed Ahmad, 2012). I have noticed that, loss of parents, change in family structure and, low support from family result in poorer academic achievement. Development of learning difficulties and attention problems are other reasons for low academic performances, (Saraiya, Garakani Billick, 2013). I remember, when we migrated from Afghanistan to Paki stan for the search of peace and security, we got admission in the school. I, my siblings, and other Afghan classmates, exposed to extreme traumatic events of terrorism, had learning difficulties at school. Once, I failed grade 4 and had to work very hard to catch up with the studies. Children who experienced or witnessed violence acts of militants, developed phobias (Khan, 2011). The phobia can be related to animals, monsters, or any symbols not related to terrorism. Irritability, aggression and, an unusual outburst of anger has reported about children exposed to militancy. A mother complained about her son, ‘‘His character has changed. He generally reacts more strongly now, with much aggression. He thinks that someone wants to hurt him, he feels very offended if you tell him what to do’’ (Moscardino, Axia, Scrimin Capello, 2007). Long Term Psychological Effects of Terrorism, Political Conflicts and War on Personality and Life of Children A vast number of literatures support that, Childhood experiences have significant outcomes in the life and personality development. (Heckman et al., 2012; Black et al., 2007; Alderman et al., 2006; and Almond et al., 2005), as cited in (Kim Lee, 2013). The developmental Psychology shows that early childhood experiences are crucial for the personality development in the long-run. The study of the behavioral genetics shows that differences in temperament measured in the first few years of life do not entirely depend on hereditary factors, but also the environments (Emde, Hewitt Kagan, 2001). Terrorism and conflicts in the environment can be a serious issue for the child psychology. Children exposed to war, witnessed torture or killing of family members and those who lost significant figures in the act of terrorism, are at a higher risk of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Ahmada, 2010). PTSD is an anxiety disorder that can be developed after exposure to one or more tr aumatic events that threatened or caused great physical harm (Widiger Costa, 2013; Brunet, Akerib, Birmes, 2007). It is a severe and ongoing emotional reaction to extreme psychological trauma. Individual with PTSD can have the signs and symptoms for up to 20 years after the traumatic event (Boscarino, 1997) cited in (Ahmada, 2010). Antisocial personality and aggressive behavior development are other long term psychological consequences of child exposed to terrorism. According to Qouta, Punamaki El Sarraj, (2008) aggressive and anti-social behaviors are more likely to develop if children are directly exposed to terrorism, including physical violence, being wounded, beaten, detained, or may have lost loved ones in the event. In another study by Yule et al., (2000) showed that survivors have a higher risk of developing specific phobias in the long-run. Ahmada (2010) explains that racial discrimination and blaming wording of society, leads to social isolation and drug abuse. If the w orld blames and discriminates a Pakistani child as a terrorist, the child may be isolated and may adapt drug abuse as an ineffective coping mechanism. Exploring Resilience in Children to Combat Adverse Psychological Effects of Terrorism, Political Conflicts and War War and terrorism adversely disturb the psychology of children, still many children survive and grow healthy, competent, well-adjusted and caring adults. Although many children succumb to serious psychological and physical problem, a substantial number manage to survive and thrive, despite facing adversities (Levine Ion, 2002). Many questions can be posed that, how these children were able to carry on healthy lives? Kanji Cameron, (2010) answer the question in their research, â€Å"exploring the experiences of resilience in Muslim Afghan refugee children†. Each child has unique stories to tell and within their experiential stories are essences of resilience. Drawing Strength from Family Support: In Kanji Cameron’s (2010) research, the Afghan refugee children confidently expressed that their strength came from their family’s enormous support. Family togetherness, not only instills courage, but also gives support and protection. Researcher (Garmezy, 1991; Luther et al., 2000; Masten Coastsworth, 1998) as cited in (Kanji Cameron, 2010) has also identified the presence of caring adults either during or after major stresses as the most important protective factors for children. The extended family structure in Pakistan can enhance more caring and supportive environment for the child. Therefore, families should be advised, to be more helpful, kind and caring during or after the traumatic events. According to Luther, Sawyer, and Brown (2006) as cited in (Kanji Cameron, 2010), their research review of over 50 years on childhood resilience showed that good positive parent-child relationships can generate â€Å"feelings of confi dence, security, and self-efficacy† in children. Community and Social Support: According to Garbarino and Kostelney (1996), as cited in (Kanji Cameron, 2010), in addition to children having individual strength, â€Å"successful adoption and resilience lies in the balance of social supports from and for parents and other adults. It is very important to attract social, governmental and non-governmental organizations’ support for the victim children. National and International media channels can play an important role in drawing attention of these organizations. The organizations can work on maintaining and improving daily activities of children (e.g. Schooling, etc.). Researchers found that, when displaced children attend school, it gives them stability and increase their confidence, self-esteem, problem-solving abilities, and career opportunities (Garbarino Kostelny, 1996; Hek, 2005; Machel, 2001) as cited in (Kanji Cameron, 2010). The support system from social worker and NGOs can have a positive impact on child psycholo gy. Drawing Strength from the Divine Support: The participants in Kanji Cameron’s research (2010), shared their experience of strength from the divine. They explained that they recited the name of Hazrat Ali (The First spiritual leader of Shia Ismaili) as a way of overcoming the fears. According to (Joseph, 1994; Ratrin Hestyani, 2006; Walsh, 2003) as cited in (Kanji Cameron, 2010), practicing faith is also a way of promoting and sustaining resilience within a person in the face of adversity. Personally, when I experienced traumatic terrorist exposure during the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, I recited Naad-e-Ali (Special Shia prayer for overcoming trouble) 3 times. The divine practice gave me a strong sense of resilience. Therefore, promoting divine and religious practices in children can be useful in psychological well-being. Conclusion The major acute psychological responses of children, when exposed to terrorism are Acute Stress Reaction (ASR), severe anxiety, emotional numbness and sleep disorders. Development of hopelessness and the difficulty in separating from parents are the main acute concern. The impacts are not limited to the acute phase of trauma, but the events have an effect throughout the childhood. Regression and developmental delays are noticed in children. The academic and educational performances of children are suffering. Low grades, avoidance of school, poorer academic achievements and learning difficulties are the major concerns. The literatures give evidence of long-term impacts on personality development of children. Development of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was the most evident impact. The sign and symptoms of the disorder can be manifested for up to 20 years after the trauma. Anti-social and aggressive personality developments are vital long-term consequences. Furthermore, childre n develop specific phobias, social isolation, and involve in drug abuse, later in their lives. The literature explains that although terrorism and armed conflicts have adverse effects on children, still they can grow up as a healthy, competent and caring adult, by having certain resilient characteristics. The resilient characteristics are strengthened by support, love, kindness, and protective nature of family. At the last, the literatures and researchers showed that, during warlike situations, social support, religious and divine practices play an important role in children’s psychological well-being. References Ahmada, A. (2010). War and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children: A Review. Aijaz, A., Ambreen, U. (2014). Case Studies: Female and Child Survivors of a Bomb-Blast in Pakistan.J Trauma Treat S,4, 21671222. Emde, R., Hewitt, J., Kagan, J. (2001).Infancy to early childhood(1st Ed.). Oxford:  Oxford University Press. Kanji, Z., Cameron, B. (2010). Exploring the experiences of resilience in Muslim Afghan refugee children.Journal Of Muslim Mental Health,5 (1), 2240. Khan, Z. (2011). Military Operations in FATA and PATA: Implications for Pakistan.  Institute  Of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI). Kim, Y., Lee, J. (2013). The long-run impact of traumatic experience on risk aversion. Levine, S., Ion, H. (2002).Against terrible odds(1st Ed.). Boulder, Colo.: Bull Pub. Co. Moscardino, U., Axia, G., Scrimin, S., Capello, F. (2007). Narratives from caregivers of  children surviving the terrorist attack in Beslan: Issues of health, culture, and  resilience.Social Science Medicine, 64 (8), 17761787. Qouta, S., Punamaki, R., El Sarraj, E. (2008). Child development and family mental health  in war and military violence: The Palestinian experience.  International Journal Of  Behavioral Development,32(4), 310321. Saraiya, A., Garakani, A., Billick, S. (2013). Mental health approaches to child victims of  acts of terrorism.  Psychiatric Quarterly,84 (1), 115124. Ullah, J. (2010). The Life of Children After the War on Terror.  Pakistan Journal Of  Criminology, 2 (1). Waheed, A., Ahmad, M. (2012). Socioeconomic Impacts of Terrorism on Affected Families  in Lahore, Pakistan.Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma,21 (2), 202222. Widiger, T., Costa, P. (2013).Personality disorders and the five-factor model of  personality(1st Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Yule, W., Bolton, D., Udwin, O., Boyle, S., ORyan, D., Nurrish, J. (2000). The long-term  psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence: I: The incidence and  course of PTSD.Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry,41(4), 503511.

Comparing Nothings Changed and Half-Caste Essay -- Tatamkhulu Afrika

Comparing Nothing's Changed and Half-Caste Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed are two poems that, despite having different subjects, are full of similarities. Both Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed express anger. Although, the object of their anger is different. The anger in Half-Caste is directed at language, or more specifically the use of one phrase while the anger in Nothing's Changed is towards a culture. In Half-Caste Caribbean dialect is used. Nothing's Changed is written in standard English. However, both writers chose to use free verse meaning that neither poem follows specific rules or patterns. In Half-Caste the poem is written from the writer's viewpoint. Which means the reader is able to see the writer's personal feelings about the term half-caste. The opening line, "Excuse me" shows that the poem is written from the writer's point of view as excuse me is a phrase used by someone when they want to start a conversation. I feel that if the poem was written from another person's viewpoint it would lose some of it's effect. The emotion in the poem would come across less strongly and seem less real, as it wouldn't be certain whether the writer actually feels the anger expressed in the poem or just thinks that people might feel that way. Half-Caste is written as a conversation and therefore is in first person. You can see that the poem is a conversation in lines such as line 33 where it says, "Ah listening to yu..." and line 47, "...yu must come back tomorrow." Both of these lines show that the poet is talking to another person. I think this is good as it is original. I also think it makes the poem more personal to you as you read it and so, perhaps, makes you think more about what Agard is saying... ...runch" demonstrate the hostility of the environment and the cans means there is litter, often places affected by litter are run down areas, areas that are not taken care of or unlived in. In the second stanza, he uses repetition of the word and to emphasize that every part of his body has been affected. Contrast comes through in his description of the inn and the surrounding area. Line 20, "...... the grass and weeds." points out the difference between the posh new inn and it's location. Afrika uses contrast later on in the poem too. In fact, stanza five, entirely contrasts stanza four, and is there to demonstrate the huge differences between the lives of whites and blacks. Agard uses simple and direct language in Half-Caste. This allows him to get his point across to the reader more easily than if he were to use lots of unnecessary words and phrases.

Behavioural Studies

Self-Presentation, also known as Impression Management (IM) is primarily a goal-directed conscious or unconscious attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. If a person tries to influence the perception of his image, this activity is called self-presentation. With regard to the self-monitoring, it is the extent to which people monitor and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation.High self-monitors exert more expressive control over their social behavior and tend to adapt their appearance and acts to specific circumstances. The situation is different with low self-monitors, who display less motivation towards improving their self-presentation. They act more naturally and are least bothered about their public image. This essay has been designed to establish a relationship between the self-presentation and self-monitoring. In the beginning both the concepts will be e xplained followed by an analysis of the relationship between them.What is Self-Presentation Self-presentation, also known as impression management is the process by which people attempt to manage or control the perception others form of them. There is often a tendency for people to try to present themselves so as to impress others in a socially desirable way. The theory of impression management states that any individual or organization must establish and maintain impressions that are congruent with the perceptions they want to convey to their publics.The impression management theory describes the methods through which people take actions to a create a public perception, in order to achieve their personal or organizational goals (â€Å"Impression Management† 2006, pars. 1-5). As with other cognitive processes, impression management has many possible conceptual dimensions (Dunegan 1993, pp. 491) and has been researched in relation to aggression, attitude change, attributions, social facilitation, and leadership.It is basically an intentional or un-intentional goal-directed approach to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. In short, we can say that if a person tries to influence the perception of his/her image, the activity is called self-presentation. What is Self-Monitoring In any scenario, people are generally motivated to behave appropriately and in a manner which is appealing to others.The theory of self-monitoring explains the extent to which people value, create, cultivate, and project social images and public appearance (Gangestad & Snyder, 2000, p. 531). The level of control which the people apply is different from a person to person. Some people may not care much about the perception others make of them. They say what they believe. These people are included in the category of low self-monitors. On the other hand, high self-monitors, are likely to avoid talking about themselves as they really are, and use pretense and deception in their efforts to play to the crowd (Buss and Brigg 1984, p.1310). In general, self-monitoring involves three major tendencies: †¢ The willingness to be the center of attention — a tendency to behave in outgoing, extraverted ways. †¢ Sensitivity to the reactions of others. †¢ Ability and willingness to adjust behavior to induce positive reactions in others. High and Low Self-Monitors As states earlier, some people are more sensitive to the image they form when in public. Such people are very self-conscious and like to ‘look good' and will hence usually adapt well to differing social situations. These people are called the high self-monitors.The high self-monitors would observe people and note their response to different behaviors of other people. On the other hand, there are people are less concerned about what others think about them. They are termed as low self-monitors . Low self-monitors do not make any effort to exercise control over their expressive behavior. High and low self-monitors possess different qualities. They regulate their behaviour in public in different ways. High self-monitors would generally adjust their social behaviours according to situational cues, whereas low self-monitors regulate their social behaviours according to their dispositions.Low self-monitors usually conform their behavior to their internal beliefs. Another major difference between high and low self-monitors is that the low self-monitors would choose friends based upon their liking whereas, the selection criteria for friends is different in high self-monitors. The high self-monitors choose friends as activity partners for their leisure time based on the friends’ skill in the specific activity. Moreover, high self-monitors will be more concerned about the partner’s physical appearance than the personality (Snyder, Berscheid, & Glick, 1985).Relationsh ip Between Self-Presentation and Self-Monitoring Self-presentation and self-monitoring are inter-related terms. In simple words, self-presentation is the way one presents himself/herself and self-monitoring is the level of control exerted during the process of self-presentation. Accordingly, high and low self-monitors will have different degree of self-presentation. High self-monitors are more adoptable and would adjust their behaviors across situations because they are more sensitive to the expectation of others.Their style of self-presentation would generally be more appropriate and suiting to every scenario they confront (Snyder, 1974, p. 527). They would always ask themselves as to what does this situation want them to be (Snyder, 1987, p. 32). They will constantly observe before exposing themselves. They will not express their emotions unless they are sure of their appropriateness. The high self-monitors will exhibit relatively low behavioral consistency across situations. They would tend to make a different image or face which is superficial, but will be corresponding to the situation.On the other hand, low self-monitors would present themselves as natural as they are and will seldom make any conscious effort to conceal their inner sentiments. Their behavior will usually be consistent across situations. The low self-monitors’ expressive self-presentation will be articulated by their inner attitudes, dispositions, and values. Low self-monitors are not concerned about the â€Å"appropriateness of their self-presentation† (Snyder, 1974. p. 527). Another important aspect of the relationship between self-presentation and low self-monitors is that they are often described as individuals who lack self-presentation concerns.They will not make much effort in adjusting their behaviour in accordance with situational demands. Their self-presentation will be natural and least concerned with the expectations of others. On the contrary, high self-monitors would make all concerted efforts in controlling their behavioural patterns which are conflicting with the situations. They are the ones whose self-presenting will be much applauded and their personalities will usually be graded as sober and acceptable. In one experiment, Snyder (1974) found that professional stage actors scored higher than non-actors on measures of self-monitoring.Professional actors genuinely possess acting ability and control over their emotions, expression, and behaviour. They were able to adapt to changing situations adequately. Their self-presentation was therefore much more stable and suiting the environment. In another experiment on ordinary college students, high self-monitors were found to be better than the low self-monitors in expressing different emotions like anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear, and guilt. High self-monitors can even adapt to sudden changing moods.When high self-monitors were asked to act like an extraverted, friendly, a nd outgoing person and then suddenly to act like an introverted, withdrawn, and reserved person, high self-monitors adopted each role better than low self-monitors did (Lippa, 1976). Conclusion Self-presentation is how we tend to present ourselves. It is how we want people to look at us. The art of exercising control over our emotions, behaviour, and moods is basically the self-monitoring. Self-monitoring refers to a person's ability to adjust his or her behaviour to external situational factors.Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in their behaviour. They can behave differently in varying situations. They are found to be much capable of presenting striking contradictions between the public persona and the private self. On the other hand, it becomes difficult for low self-monitors to disguise themselves this way (â€Å"Self-Monitoring Scale,† 2006). In nut shell, high self-monitors are more concerned about self-presentation than the low self-moni tors. Bibliography Buss, A. H. , & Briggs, S. R. (1984). Drama and the self in social interaction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1310-1324. Dunegan, K. J. (1993, June). Framing Cognitive Modes, and Image Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, pp. 491. Gangestad, S. W. , & M. Snyder (2000). Self-monitoring: Appraisal and Reappraisal. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 530-555. â€Å"Impression Management,† (2006). Wikipedia, viewed 30 August 2006, http://www. answers. com/self-presentation Lippa, R. (1976). Expressive control, expressive consistency, and the correspondence between expressive behavior and personality. Journal of Personality, 44, 541-559.â€Å"Self-Monitoring Scale. † (2006). Viewed 30 August 2006, http://pubpages. unh. edu/~ckb/SELFMON2. html Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 434-461. Snyder, M. (1987). Public appearances/private realities: The psychology of self-moni toring. New York, Freeman. Snyder, M. , Berscheid, E. , & Glick, P. (1985). Focusing on the exterior and the interior: Two investigations of the initiation of personal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 , 1427-1439.

The New Woman in Fanu’s Carmilla, Stoker’s Dracula, and...

The New Woman in Fanu’s Carmilla, Stoker’s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer The correlation between the vampire, a figure that is usually regarded as the subject of social ostracism, and the New Woman, the advent of which was feared by the majority of the British Victorian patriarchy, was a prominent aspect of much mid-to-late Victorian era literature. Supplementary evidence to support the compelling Victorian era literary connection between the vampire and the New Woman can be extrapolated from the unique gender role standards that defined that socially complex era. As Catherine Siemann suggests in her essay, â€Å"Darkness Falls on the Endless Summer: Buffy as Gidget for the Fin de Siecle,† the Victorian New Woman’s â€Å"personal†¦show more content†¦In order to reinforce as loudly and clearly as possible the patriarchal message that in Victorian society, New Women were to be regarded as social pariahs, the ultimate destruction of these literary characters had to be performed in the most savage manner feasible, the brutality of whi ch is almost beyond belief. In Carmilla, prior to her slaughter, the male characters, representative of the Victorian patriarchy, dehumanize the vampire Carmilla, by no longer referring to her by name; Carmilla is simply reduced to being referred to as â€Å"the vampire† and â€Å"the body.† Dehumanization eliminates Carmilla’s individuality, metaphorically suggesting that her fate is the destiny that awaits all New Women. Carmilla’s execution is described as follows: The body, therefore, in accordance with the ancient practice, was raised, and a sharp stake driven through the heart of the vampire, who uttered a piercing shriek at the moment, in all respects such as might escape from a living person in the last agony. Then the head was struck off, and a torrent of blood flowed from the severed neck. The body and head were next placed on a pile of wood, and reduced to ashes, which were thrown upon the river and borne away, and that territory has never since been plagued by the visits of a vampire. (Le Fanu 336) Carmilla’s execution-style slaying